Your First Weeks in the United States: Documents and Essential First Steps

Arriving in a new country means dozens of tasks at once, and many of them interlock: a bank account is easier with a Social Security number, and a bank account may make renting a home easier. This series breaks the first steps into short, practical articles, grounded in official U.S. sources with direct links.

1. Secure your original documents first

Your passport and immigration documents are the foundation for everything else. Store originals that are not required to be carried in a safe place, and keep backup copies. Check which immigration registration carry requirements apply to you; some documents must always be carried. Provide copies with applications unless an original is explicitly required.

2. Social Security number (SSN)

An SSN is the key to formal employment and many transactions. Generally, only noncitizens authorized to work in the United States by the Department of Homeland Security can get one; if you are not authorized to work, you can get an SSN only for a specific nonwork reason, such as a federal or state law that requires one for a public benefit. Applying is free: start the application online, then finish it at a Social Security office within 45 days with your immigration documents and unexpired passport. Full official publication: https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10096.pdf

3. ITIN for those not eligible for an SSN

If you are not eligible for an SSN but need to handle federal taxes, you can apply for an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) from the IRS using Form W-7, normally attached to your federal tax return unless an exception applies. Applying in person is free at IRS Taxpayer Assistance Centers that offer ITIN services and at select VITA sites offering them (locations are limited); acceptance agents charge fees. An ITIN is for tax purposes only; it is not work authorization. Details: https://www.irs.gov/individuals/how-do-i-apply-for-an-itin

4. State ID or driver's license

Each state issues ID cards and driver's licenses through its own motor vehicle agency (DMV). Licenses compliant with REAL ID require specific documents proving identity and residency, and requirements differ by state. Find your state's official DMV site through the U.S. government directory at https://www.usa.gov/state-motor-vehicle-services and check the required document list before visiting an office.

5. A stable phone number and mailing address

Most official applications assume a U.S. phone number and a stable mailing address. Arrange both early, and update your address with official agencies whenever you move; many important notices still arrive by mail.

6. Opening a bank account

Many banks and credit unions open accounts with a passport plus an SSN or ITIN; conditions and fees vary. Compare account and withdrawal fees before choosing, and ask for the fee schedule in writing. Official consumer guides and the new-account checklist: https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/bank-accounts/

7. Health coverage

U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, and lawfully present immigrants can get coverage through the health insurance marketplace if they are eligible; undocumented immigrants cannot get marketplace coverage, though they may apply on behalf of documented family members. Medicaid and CHIP rules vary by state and immigration status, with additional options for children and pregnant women in many states. Health care without coverage is very expensive. Details: https://www.healthcare.gov/immigrants/coverage/

8. English and community networks

Public libraries and community colleges offer free or low-cost English classes in most cities. Community and faith centers and immigrant-serving organizations are the fastest route to a practical support network: housing, work, translation, and guidance. Adapting does not mean leaving your identity behind; it means building two bridges at once.

Next in this series: Housing - renting and understanding a lease.

Official sources

• https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10096.pdf
• https://www.irs.gov/individuals/how-do-i-apply-for-an-itin
• https://www.healthcare.gov/immigrants/coverage/
• https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/bank-accounts/
• https://www.usa.gov/state-motor-vehicle-services

Published on Mahjar Post on October 26, 2026. Sources: official U.S. government pages linked above.